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De Vulgari Eloquentia (Latin Edition)
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De Vulgari Eloquentia (Latin Edition)
Il "De vulgari eloquentia" è un trattato in lingua latina scritto da Dante Alighieri tra il 1303 e il 1304. Composto da un primo libro intero e da 14 capitoli del secondo libro, era inizialmente destinato a comprendere quattro libri.
Pur affrontando il tema della lingua volgare, fu scritto in latino perché gli interlocutori a cui Dante si rivolse appartenevano all'élite culturale del tempo, che forte della tradizione della letteratura classica riteneva il latino senz'altro superiore a qualsiasi volgare, ma anche per conferire alla lingua volgare una maggior dignità: il latino era infatti usato soltanto per scrivere di legge, religione e trattati internazionali, cioè argomenti della massima importanza. Dante si lanciò in una appassionata difesa del volgare, dicendo che meritava di diventare una lingua illustre in grado di competere se non uguagliare la lingua di Virgilio.
"De vulgari eloquentia" (On Eloquence in the vernacular) is the title of an essay by Dante Alighieri, written in Latin and initially meant to consist of four books, but abandoned in the middle of the second. It was probably composed shortly after Dante went into exile; internal evidence points to a date between 1302 and 1305. The first book deals with the relationship between Latin and vernacular, and the search for an illustrious vernacular in the Italian area, while the second is an analysis of the structure of the "cantio" or song ("canzone" in modern Italian), a literary genre.
Latin essays were very popular in the Middle Ages, but Dante made some innovations in his work: firstly the topic, which is the vernacular, was an uncommon choice at that time. Secondly, the way Dante approached this theme, that is giving to vernacular the same dignity that was only meant for Latin. Finally, Dante wrote this essay in order to analyse the origin and the philosophy of the vernacular, because, in his opinion, this language was not something static, but something that evolves and needed a historical contextualisation.
De vulgari eloquentia est tractatus de linguis Romanicis, dialectis Italicis, litteris in his sermonibus compositis, et optimo sermone eligendo. Latine scriptus est a poeta Italico Dante Alagherio anno fere 1304. In mente habuit quattuor libros de hac re scribere, sed duos tantum confecit.
In enumeratione sermonum Romanicorum, Dantes primus ille distinctionem facit secundum verbum affirmationis inter linguas Francogalliae septentrionalis (lingua d'oïl), Provinciae (lingua d'oc), Italiae (lingua de sí).
Opus Latine scriptum est quod Dantes vult persuadere doctis aetatis suae Italicam linguam ad omnia argumenta tractanda aptam esse et facultates varias et diversas habere ita ut docti quoque ea lingua uti cum dignitate possint.
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