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US Army, Technical Manual, TM 55-2200-002-12, TRANSPORTABILITY GUIDANCE: GENERAL RULES AND SUGGESTED PROCEDURES FOR LOADING AND SECURING MILITARY CARGO IN CLOSED RA, 1974
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US Army, Technical Manual, TM 55-2200-002-12, TRANSPORTABILITY GUIDANCE: GENERAL RULES AND SUGGESTED PROCEDURES FOR LOADING AND SECURING MILITARY CARGO IN CLOSED RA, 1974
US Army, Technical Manual, TM 55-2200-002-12, TRANSPORTABILITY GUIDANCE: GENERAL RULES AND SUGGESTED PROCEDURES FOR LOADING AND SECURING MILITARY CARGO IN CLOSED RA, 1974
General.
a. General Information.
(1) Boxcars are primarily employed to transport valuable
commodities and products requiring protection from the
weather or against breakage. Besides the plain type of box
car intended for ordinary freight traffic there are boxcars made
to accommodate the products peculiar to certain industries
such as automobile parts, lumber, grocery products-,
appliances, and some bulk materials. Nearly a third
(512,000) of the 1,710,659 railcars in service in 1973 were
classed as boxcars. Of these approximately 25 percent were
so equipped that they were assigned to specific services.
(2) Boxcars of 40and 50-foot lengths in either
40or 50-ton capacities constituted practically all the models
built in the 40 years ending about 1960. The AAR Mechanical
Division, in cooperation with the American Railway Car
Institute, even prepared highly standardized designs that were
the basis for hundreds of thousands of single and doublesheathed
cars built over the four decades. Starting in the
early 1960's, the increases in length, cubic capacity, and
weight carrying ability, which were sought for all types of
freight cars, produced a series of spectacular jumps in boxcar
size and capacity. The 60and 86%-foot cars in 70and 100-ton
designs were introduced generally for automobile parts
service. Other high-cube designs have also been developed
for household appliances.
(3) Because of the fragile nature of many
commodities transported in boxcars, a higher percentage of
these cars are fitted with slidingsill and end-of-car cushioning
than has been the case for any other type of car. Loadstowing
and load-retaining devices are more generally applied
in boxcars for the same reason.
(4) As the use of lift trucks and other materials
handling equipment has grown, there has been increasing
emphasis on door openings through which these machines
can maneuver readily. Shippers have been seeking wider
door openings. There are now several types of cars on which
the entire side opens to facilitate materials handling
operations. Another popular arrangement has been a
combination of a single sliding door and a single plug door on
each side of the car to give the opening normally produced by
the double sliding door arrangement. The plug door single
and double arrangements have been used exclusively on a
growing number of cars.
(5) The insulated boxcar has been increasingly
popular. This type of car now handles many of the shipments
that formerly moved in heated refrigerator cars. Many
shippers also specify them for shipments that could be
damaged by condensation.
(6) Express boxcars equipped for passenger train
operation are built essentially the same as those in freight
service but are fitted with air, signal, and steam-heat pipes
and have passenger-car brakes and high-speed trucks.
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